Suchergebnisse

"Nach der antikommunistischen Wende wurde die Institutionalisierung des polnischen Parteiensystems von zwei Hauptschwierigkeiten begleitet, erstens der Fragmentierung des polnischen Parlaments und zweitens der programmatischen Verschwommenheit und Oberflächlichkeit der Parteien. Für die Weiterentwicklung des Parteiensystems ist ausschlaggebend, ob künftig ökonomische, kulturelle oder politische Fragen im Vordergrund der politischen Auseinandersetzungen stehen, die seine Strukturierung anleiten können. Die Entfremdung der politischen Parteien von den Interessen der Gruppen in der Sozialstruktur läßt sich nur durch die Ausbildung politischer Identitäten überwinden, und dies sowohl auf der Ebene der politischen Führung als auch auf derjenigen der Bürger." (Autorenreferat)

Draws on a 1996 study of 215 parliamentary deputies & 61 other politicians not elected to the Sejm to examine political elite perceptions of how politics were being played & what the elite's roles were in mid-1990s Poland. It is hypothesized that the Polish political elite believed it was obligated to pursue a sort of politically correct path toward market & democratic reforms. It is assumed that postsocialist elite attitudes & orientations had not fully coalesced by the mid-1990s; elite understandings were manifested indirectly in politicians' perceptions of each other & their evaluations of recent & current political developments; & these evaluations, & more general expectations about political life, can be employed to trace emerging elite attitudes & orientations. Discussion of elite understandings centers on these five areas: (1) opinions about desirable vs actual characteristics of politicians; (2) conceptions of politics believed prevalent among peers vs conceptions actually held by politicians; (3) ideas of "good state" & its characteristics; (4) notions of democracy as exemplified in ideas about the vital facets of such a system & the extent to which one exists; & (5) characteristics of Right & Left orientations & factors enabling or inhibiting consensus between those who hold these orientations. Patterned differences between party elites exist, indicating the possibility of conflict. However, this is ameliorated by a common drive toward market reform & democratic stability. It is concluded that party elites with conflicting ideologies & programs held similar views overall of how politics should & actually did run in Poland, suggesting a common perception of the work at hand, labeled here as transformational correctness. 5 Tables, 4 References. J. Zendejas

Draws on a 1996 study of 215 parliamentary deputies & 61 other politicians not elected to the Sejm to examine political elite perceptions of how politics were being played & what the elite's roles were in mid-1990s Poland. It is hypothesized that the Polish political elite believed it was obligated to pursue a sort of politically correct path toward market & democratic reforms. It is assumed that postsocialist elite attitudes & orientations had not fully coalesced by the mid-1990s; elite understandings were manifested indirectly in politicians' perceptions of each other & their evaluations of recent & current political developments; & these evaluations, & more general expectations about political life, can be employed to trace emerging elite attitudes & orientations. Discussion of elite understandings centers on these five areas: (1) opinions about desirable vs actual characteristics of politicians; (2) conceptions of politics believed prevalent among peers vs conceptions actually held by politicians; (3) ideas of "good state" & its characteristics; (4) notions of democracy as exemplified in ideas about the vital facets of such a system & the extent to which one exists; & (5) characteristics of Right & Left orientations & factors enabling or inhibiting consensus between those who hold these orientations. Patterned differences between party elites exist, indicating the possibility of conflict. However, this is ameliorated by a common drive toward market reform & democratic stability. It is concluded that party elites with conflicting ideologies & programs held similar views overall of how politics should & actually did run in Poland, suggesting a common perception of the work at hand, labeled here as transformational correctness. 5 Tables, 4 References. J. Zendejas

The paper presents selected results of the 1996 study of top Polish politicians-members of the 1993-97 Parliament and leaders of those important political parties which failed to get into this Parliament. Presented results pertain to five aspects of politicians' attitudes: (1) opinions on qualities of persons who should be vs. actually are involved in politics, (2) normatively accepted definitions of politics, (3) visions of the good state, (4) visions of democracy, and (5) opinions on what defines political views as being either on the left or on the right. As a result, consistently found across all five domains, there is a strong attitudinal similarity among politicians of differing political parties and of divergent political orientations. This finding is interpreted as reflection of a fundamental track similarity in the way in which Polish politicians perceive the most important tasks confronting the whole political class in times of systemic transformation. Transformational correctness - believing that in such times politicians should have (or at least should display) certain views - might be a strong force behind this similarity.

"The paper presents selected results of the 1996 study of top Polish politicians members of the 1993-97 Parliament and leaders of those important political parties which failed to get into this Parliament. Presented results pertain to five aspects of politicians' attitudes: (1) opinions on qualities of persons who should be vs. actually are involved in politics, (2) normatively accepted definitions of politics, (3) visions of the 'good state', (4) visions of democracy, and (5) opinions on what defines political views as being either on the 'left' or on the 'right.' As a result, consistently found across all five domains, there is a strong attitudinal similarity among politicians of differing political parties and of divergent political orientations. This finding is interpreted as reflection of a fundamental 'track similarity' in the way in which Polish politicians perceive the most important tasks confronting the whole political class in times of systemic transformation. 'Transformational correctness' - believing that in such times politicians should have (or at least should display) certain views - might be a strong force behind this similarity." (author's abstract)